Why do heirloom tomatoes have different colors?

Color variety in heirloom tomato varieties is due to an exclusive phytochemical makeup that developed through natural selection. Each pigment corresponds to special compounds that impart flavor and nutrition. Deep red tomatoes contain lycopene pigments, which contribute to their punchy flavors. In contrast, green tomatoes have chlorophyll that lends a tartness to their flavor. All of these pigments are the result of generations of selective growing, not genetic engineering modification.

The growth conditions are essential for color development and intensity. Sun exposure increases lycopene in the red varieties of tomatoes, contributing to their characteristic reddish color. Soil mineral content influences anthocyanin levels in purple tomatoes. Temperature fluctuations during ripening contribute to the stripes in Green Zebra tomatoes.

Ripeness indicators vary dramatically by color group. Purple tomatoes, when ready to pick, will feel soft at the stem end. Green tomatoes will look yellowish in color. Striped tomatoes will have shiny skin due to their high sugar concentration. Regardless of color group, always check for uniformity of color, as uneven coloring is a sign that the fruit is not fully ripened.

Nutritional advantages are associated with certain pigments. Lycopene in red tomatoes helps support heart health. Purple tomatoes provide anthocyanins, which have anti-inflammatory properties. Green tomatoes contain chlorophyll, which helps the body detoxify. Eating a variety of colors ensures a range of phytonutrients.

Read the full article: Top 10 Heirloom Tomato Varieties for Your Garden