What fundamental rules govern proper fruit tree pruning?
Written by
Benjamin Miller
Reviewed by
Prof. Samuel Fitzgerald, Ph.D.Practicing the five basic rules of pruning, will lead to healthy fruit trees and a large crop of fruit. These basic rules also help you prevent diseases and steer the tree in the right direction. It's amazing to see what an orchard can become when we properly apply these principles to every aspect of our lifestyle. They are effective on all species of fruit trees, ranging from apples to citrus.
Sterilization Protocol
- Use 70% isopropyl alcohol between every cut
- Soak tools for 30 seconds to kill pathogens
- Clean after diseased wood removal first
Collar Identification
- Locate swollen tissue where branch meets trunk
- Cut just outside this ridge without damaging it
- Never leave stubs that decay into the collar
Thinning Cut Execution
- Remove entire branches back to origin point
- Use for crossing/rubbing branches first
- Creates open structure without regrowth surge
Canopy Management
- Measure canopy volume before cutting
- Prioritize dead/diseased wood removal
- Spread thinning cuts evenly through canopy
Tool sterilization prevents the spread of fire blight and other pathogens. This bacterium can be transmitted on unclean blades. I always have some alcohol wipes in my pruning kit. Taking the time to sterilize your cutting tools between cuts only takes seconds, but can save you the orchard. Make this practice non-negotiable.
Branch collars possess healing cells that seal the wound. Cutting into them creates irreparable damage. An appropriately made cut in the collar will heal in one growing season. I always instruct new growers in branch collar identification before allowing them to prune. This technique stops decay from entering the cut.
The 25% canopy rule can minimize shock. Removing too much leaf area can stress the trees, causing them to respond with excessive water sprouts. You may want to assess the visual volume of the foliage canopy before beginning the process. When making the cuts, it is advisable to spread them evenly throughout the tree. This helps to maintain energy balance.
Utilize all five principles together to achieve maximum benefit. They create a closed-loop protection system. Repeatedly practicing builds resilience in the trees season after season. Your orchard will reward you with stable yields and few to no issues with diseases.
Read the full article: Pruning Fruit Trees: 10 Essential Steps
