What causes seeds to lose viability during storage?
Written by
Olivia Mitchell
Reviewed by
Prof. Martin Thorne, Ph.D.Several factors can cause seeds to lose viability during storage. These factors, including temperature fluctuations, exposure to light, and oxygen damage, can affect the seed's respiration and metabolism. Temperature fluctuations can cause dormant seeds to undergo premature metabolic activity. I've seen dormant tomato seeds undergo pre-mature seed germination after temperature fluctuations damaged an entire batch.
Environmental Factors
- UV radiation breaks down essential embryo compounds gradually
- Temperature fluctuations activate metabolic processes prematurely
- Humidity shifts above 40% cause mold and structural damage
- Light exposure degrades chlorophyll and proteins over time
Biological Threats
- Oxygen infiltration accelerates oxidative tissue damage
- Pest larvae consume seed embryos during storage
- Fungal spores colonize seeds in humid conditions
- Microbial activity increases with temperature rises
Oxygen damage is not addressed; however, it occurs insidiously and destructively during storage. When air moves in, it causes the essential oils in seeds and proteins to oxidize. Using vacuum-sealed containers with oxygen absorbers is a possible way to mitigate oxygen damage. In fact, my pepper seeds showed 90% viability after three years using this approach.
For pest prevention to be effective, you need multiple layers of defense. Airtight storage containers prevent insects, while diatomaceous earth controls and kills mites. Freezing the seeds before storage will kill the larvae. I use this three-step routine for total protection. Your seeds will remain whole and viable year after year!
Read the full article: 10 Best Seed Storage Containers
