Is dill an annual or perennial plant?
Written by
Tina Carter
Reviewed by
Prof. Martin Thorne, Ph.D.The lifecycle classification of dill is contingent upon climate conditions and cultivation practices. This herb is typically an annual herb completing its lifecycle in one season. In warm zones 9-11, it may reseed each year, mimicking a perennial plant. Perennial varieties do exist, but are rare in home gardens.
Annual Traits
- Completes growth in single season
- Flowers set seeds within 70-90 days
- Roots die after frost exposure
- Requires replanting each spring
Perennial Patterns
- Survives winters in zones 9-11
- Self-seeds aggressively if not harvested
- Woody stems develop over years
- Reduced leaf production after first year
Climate Adaptation
- Self-seeding in warm climates
- Frost kills plants below zone 8
- Mulch protection extends survival
- Container movement for temperature control
Growing dill as an annual crop is likely the most effective approach to achieving consistent results. I recommend replanting fresh seeds every 3-4 weeks from spring through fall as a succession planting method. This way, you can continue to harvest many times. I keep my sowing dates marked on a calendar so that I will have a reliable supply of dill. In late plantings, I will cover them with row covers when frost threatens.
Warm-climate gardening allows for an option called "self-seeding." During the fall, let your plants develop mature seed heads and rest over the winter. Rake the soil lightly in the spring, and the seeds will germinate naturally. Thin seedlings once established by 12" - good spacing provides healthy plant growth. This process replicates nature's way of growing perennials without the need for special cultivars.
Perennial types require special care. 'Fernleaf' dill will survive the winter in sheltered locations. Mulch heavily with straw pre-first frost. Cut back any woody stems in early spring. Perennial types each year produce fewer and fewer leaves - this makes annual replanting more desirable and practical for most gardeners.
Read the full article: How to Grow Dill Successfully
