How do self-watering systems actually function?
Written by
Kiana Okafor
Reviewed by
Prof. Charles Hartman, Ph.D.Self-watering systems facilitate the watering of potted plants on a schedule or automatically through self-regulated water release mechanisms that require no electrical current and operate using simple principles of physics. They succeed in maintaining soil at the ideal moisture level for weeks at a time. To create successful self-watering systems, one must thoroughly understand how they work.
Gravity Systems
- Water flows downward from elevated reservoirs
- Requires precise height calibration for pressure
- Spider Farmer kits use this simple physics principle
Capillary Action
- Cotton wicks draw water upward like paper towels
- Moisture moves through tiny spaces in materials
- Works best with synthetic ropes lasting longer
Pressure Differentials
- Air pressure changes control bottle water release
- Vacuum seals form when tray levels drop
- Prevents flooding while ensuring steady hydration
Valve Triggers
- Sensors detect soil dryness to open valves
- AutoPot systems use hydraulic pressure principles
- Delivers water only when plants need it
Gravity-fed systems use the weight of the water to create the flow. Raised tanks allow the water to run down tubes. It is a passive system and requires no pumps. It is suitable for outdoor vegetable containers. With the proper height adjustment, the waters will be evenly distributed.
Wick-based systems operate effectively with Capillary action. For example, cotton can be used to absorb moisture and move it upwards. Capillary action imitates the natural movement of groundwater. The soil pulls water from the ground reliably, and wick-based systems are useful when indoor conditions are applicable.
Valve mechanisms provide the most accurate control because they only turn on when sensors determine dryness, thus preventing water from being wasted. High-end systems will maintain a perfect hydration cycle. They will work with the various plant needs a complicated garden has.
Read the full article: 5 Self Watering Systems That Keep Plants Alive
